Nano fertilizers, when properly dosed and applied foliarly, can meet the full nitrogen (N) requirement of almond and pistachio orchards without depleting soil reserves. This is not about reducing fertilizer mass per se, but about maximizing plant-available N. Foliar nano formulations routinely achieve ~80–90% uptake efficiency—roughly double typical soil-applied NUE—so smaller applied quantities deliver the same internal N to the crop while minimizing leaching and salt loading.

Recent multi-location, multi-year field studies (Tripathi et al., 2025; Upadhyay et al., 2023) indicate that nano-integrated nitrogen programs maintain yield and soil nitrogen balance across multiple cropping seasons. While decade-scale data in perennial orchards are still emerging, the mechanistic evidence—residue recycling, biological fixation, and microbial activity—supports long-term sustainability.

Peer-reviewed evidence further supports this: Anil Kumar et al. (2022) reported higher yields and improved soil indices (including increased available N and soil organic carbon) when nano-N and nano-Zn were integrated with organic practices at field scale; Anil Kumar et al. (2024) observed that foliar nano-N (± nano-Zn) maintained grain yield with 25% lower basal N and preserved soil microbial biomass carbon and community structure comparable to 100% N programs, with several beneficial taxa positively associated with yield.